諸階鎮貼符 - E355
諸階鎮貼符 Zhu jie zhen tie fu |
| 別名 Other Titles: None |
| 有關人物 Associated Persons: 陶仲文
出版地區 Place(s) of Publication: None Known 版式 Format: 寫本 出版者 Publisher(s): 出版年 Publication Date: 1542 載於 Located In: Zangwai daoshu - E Volume 29, pp. 150-187. |
| Cite as 引用為: "CRTA 諸階鎮貼符 - E355" |
Zhujie zhen tiefu (Various Classes of Adhesive Talismans for Suppressing Demons) is a collection of talismans compiled by a Ming court Daoist, Tao Zhongwen 陶仲文 (ca. 1481–1560).
別名 Other Titles
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出版地區 Place(s) of Publication
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有關人物 Associated Person(s)
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內容 Contents
序跋等 Prefaces and Postfaces
註疏 Commentary
[Aaron Reich]: A handwritten ritual manual for composing apotropaic talismans, this manuscript was compiled and edited by Tao Zhongwen 陶仲文 (ca. 1481–1560), Minister of the Board of Rites (Libu shangshu 禮部尚書) and close advisor to the Jiajing Emperor (r. 1522–66). As Barend ter Haar summarizes, Tao Zhongwen (original ming Tao Dianzhen 陶典真) began studying talismanic methods as a young man, gradually developing a proficiency in exorcistic ritual that led to his high-ranking position in the imperial court. According to the opening pages of the manuscript, Tao Zhongwen supervised the collection and organization of materials for the manual at the emperor’s request; upon completion, Tao Zhongwen submitted it for approval in 1542. In 2019, Xu Wei 許蔚 of Fudan University published a study that examines the historical context of this manual and several others housed in the archives of the National Library of China; many of these texts have been included as photocopied reprints in the contemporary compendium Daoist Books Outside the Canon (Zangwai daoshu 藏外道書). In his archival study, Xu Wei examines several catalogues from the National Beiping Library (Guoli Beiping tushuguan 國立北平圖書館), each of which offers insights into the historical transmission of the manual. Firstly, the title of the manual appears in a 1930 library exhibition catalogue, which states that the manual had previously been housed in the Archives of the Grand Secretariat (Neige daku 內閣大庫), along with 20 other Daoist liturgical texts that had moved to the library’s collection. Secondly, the library published a catalogue of its rare books in 1933, which describes the manual as “a manuscript from the Ming Imperial Storehouse” (Ming neifu chaoben 明內府抄本). Finally, yet another library exhibition catalogue from 1931 classifies the manual and the 20 others as “manuscripts from the Ming Chenghua period [1464–1487 CE]” (Ming Chenghua jian chaoben 明成化間抄本). This dating, Xu Wei surmises, probably derives from an inscription at the end of another manual in the collection, Various Classes of Secret Instructions for Praying [for Rain and Snow] (Qidao zhujie mizhi 祈禱諸階秘旨), which provides an exact date of 1481. With respect to its contents, Zhujie zhen tiefu 諸階鎮貼符 contains sets of liturgical instructions for writing and activating apotropaic talismans belonging to the broad category of Thunder ritual (leifa 雷法), which scholars surmise became part of Daoist liturgical systems “from the twelfth century onward” (Skar, EOT, p. 627). The manual’s instructions often state explicitly the apotropaic nature of these talismans: they serve to exorcize demonic spirits (quxie 驅邪), cure illness (zhibing 治病), and protect both the house and the realm (bao’an jiaguo 保安家國). In terms of its liturgical heritage, the manual accords with a trend that Xu Wei has identified for a large portion of the Ming Daoist manuscripts in the library’s archives: while most of their methods belong to the Shenxiao 神霄 ritual tradition, the manuals also blend methods and elements from other lineage groups, namely Qingwei 清微, Doumu 斗姆, Fengyue 豐嶽, and Disi 地司. This manual and its counterparts in the National Library of China therefore suggest that Daoist Thunder ritual in the Ming period became increasingly eclectic from the fifteenth-century onward.
參考文獻 Bibliography
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