唐僧宝巻 - WUL
唐僧宝巻 tang seng bao juan |
| 別名 Other Titles: 繪圖唐僧寶卷, 忍辱報夫仇 |
| 有關人物 Associated Persons: 陳德
出版地區 Place(s) of Publication: 上海 版式 Format: 石印版 出版者 Publisher(s): 惜陰書局 出版年 Publication Date: 載於 Located In: Waseda University Library 文庫19 F0399 0035 0013 |
| Cite as 引用為: "CRTA 唐僧宝巻 - WUL" |
The current edition "Tang seng bao juan 唐僧宝巻" in the Waseda online collection is a two-volume story on the birth origin story of Tang seng 唐僧.
In the first volume, Chen Guangrui 陈光瑞 scored the top 状元 in the state exam, premiere minister 殷开山 did a matchmaking between him and his third daughter 殷小姐. Chen and Yin returned home to visit Chen’s mother, who was ill and wished to drink fresh fish soup. It was cold winter and fresh fish are hard to come by. However, as a filial son, Chen eventually succeed in finding one in the market and despite the huge sum demanded, he bought a fresh carp. When Chen was about to kill the fish, he noticed that the fish was blinking eyes with tears. Chen decided to release the fish into the river. It turned out, the fish was in fact transformed by the third prince 三太子 of the dragon king 龍王, and they were both grateful for Chen’s benevolence. Chen was appointed to take office in Hong Zhou 洪州, however due to the bad weather and river condition, Chen settled his mother in a local hotel before he and his wife Yin boarding the boat. The boat was attacked by pirates midway, led by Liu Hong 刘洪. All passengers and servants were killed other than Yin. Chen disappeared into the river and Yin was forcefully taken by Liu Hong. Liu Hong found the seal which granted Chen the appointment in Hangzhou, Liu Hong decided to steal Chen’s identity and take office in Hongzhou. Yin was heartbroken and would have liked to commit suicide, however she was already pregnant at the time of the attack. For the sake of continuing Chen’s family line and for the son to take revenge, Yin decided to give birth to the child. After birth, Yin secretly hid the one month old baby in a trunk, together with a letter written by blood of who he is and the tragic stories of his parents. She then send it off into the river and claimed to Liu Hong that the baby died of a sudden illness. In the second volume, the baby was found and then adopted by monks in the temple of Jinshan 金山寺, named “baby from the river” 江流儿. When he grew up at 17 years old, he got to know his life story. He went to look for his mother and eventually reunited with Yin. He also went to meet his grandfather 殷開山 the premiere minister. Liu Hong was captured and executed. The justice was well served. Chen Guangrui also timely reappeared and the whole family reunited. The final page of the baojuan consists of a tract highlighting the laws of retribution and the necessity for morality. It then goes on to invoke various deities and poems dedicated to each of the eight immortals 八仙.
別名 Other Titles
The title page, pictured right, gives the title as 繪圖唐僧寶卷. “宣講勸善民間故事” was placed at the top of the title page and a picture of 普門大士 （觀世音菩薩Avalokiteśvara）. On the center of each page（版心), the shortened title in this edition is 唐僧寶卷.
出版地區 Place(s) of Publication
The location given on the title page is Shanghai 上海.
出版年 Publication Date(s)
There is no date on the title page.
有關人物 Associated Person(s)
No Additional Information
內容 Contents
- 封面 Title Page
- 序「世風不古…」
- Illustration of main characters: 唐僧，陳蕊光，三太子，劉洪，殷小姐，殷開山，唐太宗，三公主，龍王
- 唐僧宝巻上集 （p.1-p.12)
- 唐僧宝巻下集 （p.1-p.14)
序跋等 Prefaces and Postfaces
- 序 if we can consider the small column at the bottom of the title page as the preface, it starts with「世風不古…」
- no date
- 惜陰主人識
註疏 Commentary
Authorship There is no explicit authorial attribution within the text.
We can see the name of the publisher is 上海惜陰書局in both the title page and the cover page. “陳德署首” written in the cover page was likely an attribution of the publisher, as we can find Chen De’s name on other cover pages of baojuan which were printed in上海惜陰書局. We can see on the cover page that it also indicated two addresses: one as publisher: 上海閘北顺（？）路二十六號內；another as the vendor：上海四马路山东路口 .
This edition is divided into 上集 from p.1-p.12 and 下集 p.1 to p.14, however it’s worth pointing out that in the 8th column of p.11 of 下集, there is an indication for pause before reaching the last three pages of climax of the story, it says:”欲知劉清如何樣，三卷之中看分明”. It is reasonable to assume that the current edition might has been derived from an earlier version which was originally divided into three Juan 卷.
Themes
Hu Sheng 胡胜 (2019) pointed out that there exists multiple baojuan with theme on the “birth origin of Tang seng” and the relations between these baojuan and The Journey to the West 西游记. Several of Hu Sheng’s views are worth investigating further, for example, Hu pointed out the highly localised circulation of “Xiyou 西游” related baojuan, especially abundant in Changshu 常熟 area. Hu categorized several related baojuan into the following: 1. Related to the birth origin of Tang Seng, specifically, there are two lines of narratives as below: One storyline of “江流儿“ :《盗印谋官》. Hu pointed out that the earlier versions of 江流 stories could be traced back to episodes of《太平廣記》卷121《崔尉子》and 卷122《陈义郎》. Other related story during Song and Yuan include 《陈光蕊江流和尚》and 杨景贤《西游记杂剧》. The another storyline of “陈子春“：《陈子春恩怨记》，《三官宝卷》and《三元宝卷》. 2. Related to the stories of 李翠莲施钗and 刘全进瓜：《唐僧化金钗》 3. Related to the whole pilgrimage story: 《长生宝卷》 4. Related to the sequel story 《南游记》：《感应宝卷》(also called 《太姆宝卷》) 5. Related to the worship of Monkey deity （大圣信仰）：《猴王宝卷》
Hu compared the baojuan related to the origin of Tang seng with two 河阳宝卷：《盗印谋官》and 《长生宝卷》and pointed out that the narratives are mostly the same with the addition of stories of previous lives of 陈光蕊，殷温娇 and 刘洪.
參考文獻 Bibliography
Hu Sheng 胡胜. Minsu huayu zhong “xiyou” gushi de yanbian - yi changshu diqu “tangseng chushen” baojuan wei li” 民俗话语中"西游"故事的衍变 ——以常熟地区"唐僧出身"宝卷为例. “Bohai daxue xuebao (zhexue shehui kexue ban)” 渤海大学学报（哲学社会科学版） 41, no. 5 (2019): 1-5.
Li Shiren 李时人. Xi you ji kaolun 西游记考论 [M]. Hangzou 杭州：Zhejiang guji chubanshe 浙江古籍出版社, 1991.
